olympe de gouges steckbrief

Media in category "Olympe de Gouges" The following 33 files are in this category, out of 33 total. Members sometimes gathered at the home of the well-known women's rights advocate, Sophie de Condorcet. She expresses faith in the Estates General and in reference to the estates of the realm, that the people of France (Third Estate) would be able to ensure harmony between the three estates, that is clergy, nobility and the people. Across the Atlantic world observers of the French Revolution were shocked, but the ideals of liberté, égalité, fraternité had taken a life of their own. The facts about her true parentage are somewhat vague, and de Gouges herself contributed to the confusion by encouraging rumors about her illegitimacy. Olympe de Gouges selbst gibt 1793 ihr Alter mit 38 Jahren an. [2] Gouges attended the artistic and philosophical salons of Paris, where she met many writers, including La Harpe, Mercier, and Chamfort, as well as future politicians such as Brissot and Condorcet. Olympe de Gouges, ursprungligen Marie Gouze, född 7 maj 1748 i Montauban, död genom avrättning 3 november 1793, var en fransk revolutionär. Only one whom chance had elevated to an eminent position can assume the task of lending weight to the progress of the Rights of Woman and of hastening its success. Olympe de Gouges, rojena Marie Gouze, francoska dramatičarka in aktivistka, * 7. maj 1748, Montauban, Francija, † 3. november 1793, Pariz.. Bila je ena izmed prvih bork za pravice žensk in njihovo enakopravnost v družbi. She must possess equally the right to mount the speaker's platform. [17] On 2 November 1793 she wrote to him: "I die, my dear son, a victim of my idolatry for the fatherland and for the people. [1] Hon var politisk aktivist, feminist, författare och dramatiker.Hon är författaren till Deklarationen om kvinnans och medborgarinnans rättigheter (1791). They were widely circulated within and outside France. Biografie: Olympe de Gouges, eigentlich Marie Gouze, war eine Revolutionärin, Frauenrechtlerin, Schriftstellerin und Autorin von Theaterstücken im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. [36] Although she was a celebrity in her lifetime and a prolific author, Gouges became largely forgotten, but then rediscovered through a political biography by Olivier Blanc in the mid 1980s.[37]. [9] When it was staged again in December 1792 a riot erupted in Paris. [2], In Paris she started a relationship with the wealthy Jacques Biétrix de Rozières, but refused his marriage proposal. The one is ceaselessly taken as an example, and the other is eternally the execration of the human race. In 1791, in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, she wrote the Déclaration des droits de la Femme et de la Citoyenne ("Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen"). A record of her papers which were seized in 1793, at the time of her execution, lists about 40 plays. [1] Her mother afforded her a bourgeois education. She never married again, calling the institution of marriage "the tomb of trust and love". On 6 March 2004, the junction of the Rues Béranger, Charlot, de Turenne, and de Franche-Comté in Paris was proclaimed the Place Olympe de Gouges. Olympe de Gouges (eigentlich Marie Gouze; * 7. This earned her the ire of many hard-line republicans, even into the next generation—such as the 19th-century historian Jules Michelet, a fierce apologist for the Revolution, who wrote, "She allowed herself to act and write about more than one affair that her weak head did not understand. Olympe de Gouges, geboren 1748, war eine französische Revolutionärin und Frauenrechtlerin. On 2 June 1793, the Jacobins of the Montagnard faction arrested prominent Girondins, imprisoned them, and sent them to the guillotine in October. Olympe de Gouges (rozená Marie Gouze, 7. května 1748 Montabaun– 3. listopadu 1793 Paříž) byla francouzská dramatička a spisovatelka s feministickým a demokratickým smýšlením. Dieser gehörte einem ortsansässigen Adelsgeschlecht an, ging aber bald nach der Geburt Maries nach Paris, wo er sich als Literat einen Namen machte und an di… [41] In the final act of l'Esclavage des Noirs Gouges lets the French colonial master, not the slave, utter a prayer for freedom: "Let our common rejoicings be a happy portent of liberty". Von Frauenfeinden bösartig diffamiert, von Repub… In the same year Gouges penned Letter to Citizen Robespierre, which Robespierre refused to answer. [24] However, Chaumette was a staunch opponent of the Girondins, and had characterised Gouges as unnatural and unrepublican prior to her execution. One of the slave protagonist explains that the French must gain their own freedom, before they can deal with slavery. As political tension rose in France, Olympe de Gouges became increasingly politically engaged. Olympe de Gouges - Lettre a Monseigneur le duc d'Orleans premier prince du sang, 1789.djvu 2,528 × 3,812, 8 pages; 434 KB Gouges, Olympe de: Die Rechte der Frau und andere Schriften./ Les droits de la femme. Browse 56 olympe de gouges stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. At the 15 November 1793 meeting of the Commune, Pierre Gaspard Chaumette cautioned a group of women wearing Phrygian bonnets, reminding them of "the impudent Olympe de Gouges, who was the first woman to start up women's political clubs, who abandoned the cares of her home, to meddle in the affairs of the Republic, and whose head fell under avenging blade of the law". As a woman from the province and of lowly birth she fashioned herself to fit in with the Paris establishment. [16], She spent three months in jail without an attorney, trying to defend herself. She also called upon women to "shake off the yoke of shameful slavery". She continued to publish political essays between 1788 and 1791. Her 1788 pamphlet Reflections on blacks and the play l'Esclavage des Noirs on the slave trade made her, alongside Marquis de Condorcet, one of France's earliest public opponents of slavery. The same year she wrote a series of pamphlets on a range of social concerns, such as illegitimate children. [39], Gouges penned more than 30 plays, often with a socially critical theme. She is honoured in many street names across France, in the Salle Olympe de Gouges exhibition hall in rue Merlin, Paris, and the Parc Olympe de Gouges in Annemasse. Her body was disposed of in the Madeleine Cemetery. She attempted to unmask the villains through the literary productions which she had printed and put up. Furthermore active citizenship was two-tiered, with those who could vote and those who were fit for public office. The first act ends with Gouges reproving the queen for having seditious intentions and lecturing her about how she should lead her people. After the execution of Louis XVI she became wary of Robespierre's Montagnard faction and in open letters criticized their violence and summary assassinations. But in revolutionary France there were only citoyen. http://sonntagssoziologe.de Die Menschenrechte der Französischen Revolution galten ausschließlich für Männer. [16] Through her friends, she managed to publish two texts: Olympe de Gouges au tribunal révolutionnaire ("Olympe de Gouges at the Revolutionary tribunal"), in which she related her interrogations; and her last work, Une patriote persécutée ("A [female] patriot persecuted"), in which she condemned the Terror. She was possibly the illegitimate daughter of Jean-Jacques Le Franc de Caix (the Marquis de Pompignan), himself a man of letters and a playwright (among whose claims to fame in… She also was associated with Masonic Lodges, among them the Loge des Neuf Sœurs that was created by her friend Michel de Cubières. "[3] Her husband died a year later, and in 1770 she moved to Paris with her son to live with her sister. A la temprana edad de 17 años fue forzada a contraer matrimonio con Louis-Yves Aubry, el 24 de octubre de 1765. Then she took the side of the Girondins and … Olympe de Gouges wurde als Marie Gouze am 07.05.1748 in Montauban, Südfrankreich, geboren. Like men who could not pay the poll tax, children, domestic servants, rural day-laborers and slaves, Jews, actors and hangmen, women had no political rights. Transaction Publ, 2006. Juli 1793 wurde auf der Brücke Saint-Michel in Paris Olympe de Gouges verhaf­tet, als sie zusam­men mit dem Buchhänd­ler-Verle­ger Costard und dem Plaka­tie­rer Trottier ein Plakat anbrin­gen wollte mit dem Titel: „Les trois urnes ou le salut de la patrie, par un voyager aérien“. Ihr Geburtsort ist Montauban nahe Toulose in Südfrankreich. Sie schrieb vor allem Theaterstücke. [30], American women began to refer to themselves as citess or citizeness and took to the streets to achieve equality and freedom. Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793) hieß eigentlich Marie Gouze. Olympe de Gouges (pronunție franceză: /olɛ̃p də ɡuʒ/; n. 17 mai 1748, Montauban, Franța – d. 3 noiembrie 1793, Paris, Prima Republică Franceză), născută Marie Gouze, a fost o dramaturgă din Franța, activistă politică ale cărei scrieri feministe și aboliționiste au avut o deosebită influență.. Și-a început cariera de dramaturg la începutul anilor 1780. The French Constitution marked the birth of the short-lived constitutional monarchy and implemented a status based citizenship. It will teach the Tyrants just what a people united by long oppression and enlightened by sound philosophy can do". The intention was not to court the favour of the addressee, often a public figure. The slave protagonist comments on the situation in France "The power of one Master alone is in the hands of a thousand Tyrants who trample the People under foot. The actress Véronique Genest read an excerpt from the Declaration of the Rights of Woman. She usually was invited to the salons of Madame de Montesson and the Comtesse de Beauharnais, who also were playwrights. With the support of Rozières she established a theatre company. Wikipedia: Olympe de Gouges in der freien Enzyklopädie, Infos zu Bildmaterial und Lizenzen auf geboren.am ›, Tod mit 45 Jahren am 3. In her letter she argued that he had been duped–that he was guilty as a king, but innocent as a man, and that he should be exiled rather than executed. While it was common in France to equate political oppression to slavery, this was an analogy and not an abolitionist sentiment. Bild »Christine de Pizan« [M]: PD — Zeichenerklärung: [M] bearbeitet — Lizenztexte: CC BY-SA 3.0 — Infos zu Bildmaterial und Lizenzen auf geboren.am ›. [27], Gouges' Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen had been widely reproduced and influenced the writings of women's advocates in the Atlantic world. The anti-imperial Irish Rebellion of 1798 was whipped up by Anglo-Irish women such as Maria Edgeworth, but the quest of Catholics for political rights was brutally suppressed by the British military. [15], After her arrest, the commissioners searched her house for evidence. In 1791 Gouges became part of the Society of the Friends of Truth, also called the "Social Club," an association with the goal of equal political and legal rights for women. When they could not find any in her home, she voluntarily led them to the storehouse where she kept her papers. A number of her plays were published and some are extant. November 1793 in Paris) war eine Revolutionärin, Frauenrechtlerin, Schriftstellerin und Autorin von Theaterstücken und Romanen im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. [44], Gouges was not the only feminists who attempted to influence the political structures of late Enlightenment France. The square was inaugurated by the mayor of the 3rd arrondissement, Pierre Aidenbaum, along with then first deputy mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo. [8] Gouges did not approve of violent revolution, and published l'Esclavage des Noirs with a preface in 1792, arguing that the slaves and the free people who responded to the horrors of slavery with "barbaric and atrocious torture" in turn justified the behavior of the tyrants. She became an outspoken advocate against the slave trade in the French colonies in 1788. [25], 1793 has been described as a watershed for the construction of women's place in revolutionary France, and the deconstruction of the Girondins' Marianne. Gouges was defiant, she wrote "I'm determined to be a success, and I'll do it in spite of my enemies." [16], Her son Pierre Aubry was suspended from his office as vice-general and head of battalion after her arrest. But like the writings of Etta Palm d'Aelders, Theroigne de Mericourt, Claire Lacombe and Marquis de Condorcet, her arguments fell on deaf ears. "[11] Michelet opposed any political participation by women and thus disliked Gouges. In her defence of Louis XVI de Gouges expresses her customary fair-mindedness, in her understanding of the Convention's Parisian bias, her … Gouges also openly attacked the notion that human rights were a reality in revolutionary France. Updated May 15, 2019. [45], In her early political letters Gouges made a point of being a woman, and that she spoke "as a woman". In that pamphlet she expressed, for the first time, her famous statement: "A woman has the right to mount the scaffold. They never forgave her, and she paid for her carelessness with her head. While politically active women were executed the Convention banned all women's political associations. I was sacrificed for no reason that could make up for the repugnance I felt for this man. Mme de Gouges, die geistige Mutter der Menschenrechte für weibliche Menschen, ist die bedeutendste politische Denkerin im patriarchalen Europa: Ihre »Erklärung der Rechte der Frau und Bürgerin« (1791) ist ein bis heute unübertroffen scharfsinniges Dokument konsequenten Widerstandes gegen die »Erklärung der Männer- und Bürgerrechte« (1789), verfasst von Bürgern und Hausvätern. 14. It is commonly believed that she was born and raised in a modest family, the daughter of Pierre Gouze, a butcher, and Anne Olympe Moisset, a maidservant. She addressed her public letters, published often as pamphlets, to statesmen such as Jacques Necker, the Duke of Orléans, or the queen Marie-Antoinette. "[21], Her execution was used as a warning to other politically active women. The slave trade lobby had mounted a press campaign against her play and she eventually took legal action, forcing Comédie-Française to stage l'Esclavage des Noirs. Gouges took to the street, and on behalf of the French people proclaimed "Let us plunge into the Seine! In the public letter Remarques Patriotique from December 1788 Gouges justified why she is publishing her political thoughts, arguing that "This dream, strange though it may seem, will show the nation a truly civic heart, a spirit that is always concerned with the public good". [7], In 1790 and 1791, in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti), free people of colour and African slaves revolted in response to the ideals expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Her stance against the slavery in the French colonies made her the target of threats. Details are limited. Her proposition for a political order remained largely unchanged. [29] Writings on women and their lack of rights became widely available. Born Marie Gouze in Montauban, France in 1748 to petite-bourgeois parents Anne Olympe Moisset Gouze, a maidservant, and her second husband, Pierre Gouze, a butcher, Marie grew up speaking Occitan (the dialect of the region). Such as Cry of the wise man, by a woman in response to Louis XVI calling together the Estates-General. The influential Abraham-Joseph Bénard remarked "Mme de Gouges is one of those women to whom one feels like giving razor blades as a present, who through their pretensions lose the charming qualities of their sex... Every woman author is in a false position, regardless of her talent". Montauban – Frankreich. Politically, Olympe de Gouges supported King Louis XVI, during his trial. [citation needed], In 1788 she published Réflexions sur les hommes nègres, which demanded compassion for the plight of slaves in the French colonies. These citizens had the right to vote. September 1791 An die Königin Die Rechte der Frau Erklärung der Rechte der Frau und Bürgerin – Präambel – Artikel 1 bis 17 – Postambel Muster eines Gesellschaftsvertrages von Mann und Frau Anekdote Postskriptum The People will one day burst their chains and will claim all its rights under Natural law. November in Paris (auf dem Revolutionsplatz, heute Place de la Concorde) in. Paradoxically, the two women who had started the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women, Claire Lacombe and Pauline Léon were not executed. In transferring sovereignty to the nation the constitution dismantled the old regime, but Gouges argued that it did not go far enough. [4] For Gouges there was a direct link between the autocratic monarchy in France and the institution of slavery, she argued that "Men everywhere are equal… Kings who are just do not want slaves; they know that they have submissive subjects". Gouges opposes absolutism, but believed France should retain a constitutional monarchy.[47]. Sie kann als eine der ersten Frauenrechtlerinnen bezeichnet werden. Both Gouges and her prosecutor used this play as evidence in her trial. In these pamphlets she advanced the public debate on issues that would later be picked up by feminists, such as Flora Tristan. Leta 1791 je izdala eno njenih najodmevnejših del Deklaracijo o pravicah ženske in državljanke, v kateri je opozarjala na spolno neenakost v francoski družbi. In the first act (only the first act and a half remain), Marie-Antoinette is planning defense strategies to retain the crumbling monarchy and is confronted by revolutionary forces, including Gouges herself. [34], After her execution her son Pierre Aubry signed a letter, denying his endorsement for her political legacy. That piece demanded a plebiscite for a choice among three potential forms of government: the first, a unitary republic, the second, a federalist government, or the third, a constitutional monarchy. 1783-1793 Theaterstücke, Romane und politische Schriften, die die politische Umsetzung der Aufklärung veranschaulichen. Clémence Bodoc, web rédactrice chez madmoizelle.com , nous décrit la « zone grise », moment où les interprétations diverses demandent l’avis de l’autre, du vis-à-vis, pour ne pas commettre une agression. Today she is perhaps best known as an early women's rights advocate who demanded that French women be given the same rights as French men. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen (1791), she challenged the practice of male authority and the notion of male-female inequality. [13], Gouges was associated with the Gironde faction, who were targeted by the more radical Montagnard faction. She was declared the daughter of Pierre Gouze, bourgeois of Montauban, master butcher - he did not sign at the baptism because he was absent - and of Anne Olympe Mouisset, daughter of a lawyer from a family of merchants, married in 1737 The latter, born in 1712, was the goddaughter of the Marquis Jean-Jacques Lefranc de Pompignan (Anne's father had been Jean-Jacques' tutor), born in 1709, with whom she would have maintained a romantic relationship. Gouges had acquired the position for him by paying 1,500 livres. [31] At the 1848 Women's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, the rhetorical style of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen was employed to paraphrase the Declaration of Independence into the Declaration of Sentiments,[33] which demanded women's right to vote. According to MP Jean-Baptiste Poncet-Delpech and others, "all of Montauban" knew that Lefranc de Pompignan was the adulterous father of the future Olympe de Gouges. [10], Gouges opposed the execution of Louis XVI of France (which took place on 21 January 1793), partly out of opposition to capital punishment and partly because she favored constitutional monarchy. Finally, her poster Les trois urnes, ou le salut de la Patrie, par un voyageur aérien ("The Three Urns, or the Salvation of the Fatherland, by an Aerial Traveller") of 1793, led to her arrest. [2] Gouges was also attacked by those who thought that a woman's proper place was not in the theatre. Olympe de Gouges (born Marie Gouze; May 7, 1748–November 3, 1793) was a French writer and activist who promoted women's rights and the abolition of slavery. Herausgegeben von Gabriela Wachter, Parthas, Berlin 2006, Mousset, Sophie: Women’s Rights and the French Revolution. [20] Olympe's last moments were depicted by an anonymous Parisian who kept a chronicle of events: "Yesterday, at seven o'clock in the evening, a most extraordinary person called Olympe de Gouges who held the imposing title of woman of letters, was taken to the scaffold, while all of Paris, while admiring her beauty, knew that she didn't even know her alphabet.... She approached the scaffold with a calm and serene expression on her face, and forced the guillotine's furies, which had driven her to this place of torture, to admit that such courage and beauty had never been seen before.... That woman... had thrown herself in the Revolution, body and soul. [40] Among other themes she wrote plays on the slave trade, divorce, marriage, debtors' prisons, children's rights, and government work schemes for the unemployed. Marie Gouze was born into a petit bourgeois family in 1748 in Montauban, Quercy (in the present-day department of Tarn-et-Garonne), in southwestern France. On 3 November 1793 the Revolutionary Tribunal sentenced her to death and she was executed for seditious behavior and attempting to reinstate the monarchy. The experience of French women during the revolution entered the collective consciousness. [19] Olympe was executed only a month after Condorcet had been proscribed, and just three days after the Girondin leaders had been guillotined. [41] The presiding judge denied Gouges her legal right to a lawyer on the grounds that she was more than capable of representing herself. Olympe de Gouges tritt in ihrer Frauenrechtserklärung der männlichen Verengung des Gleichheitsbegriffs systematisch entgegen. It seems as though the judge based this argument on Gouges' tendency to represent herself in her writings. [28] One year after its publication, in 1792, the keen observer of the French Revolution Mary Wollstonecraft published Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Olympe de Gouges is considered as one of the first feminists. In pre-revolutionary France there were no citizens, an author was the subject of the king. Like other pamphlet writers in revolutionary France, she spoke from the margins and spoke of her experience as a citizen, with a desire to influence the ongoing public debate. Citizens were defined as men over 25, were "independent" and had paid the poll tax. Marie-Olympe de Gouges was born Marie Gouzes in Montauban, in southern France, on December 31, 1748. [12] In December 1792, when Louis XVI was about to be put on trial, she wrote to the National Assembly offering to defend him, causing outrage among many deputies. In Paris Gouges was accused by the mayor of Paris of having incited the insurrection in Saint-Domingue with the play. At the same time, she began writing political pamphlets.

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