[246] Patrons danced the bourrée to the accompaniment of the cabrette (a bellows-blown bagpipe locally called a "musette") and often the vielle à roue (hurdy-gurdy) in the cafés and bars of the city. They also built the major parks around the city centre. [16][17] According to Xavier Delamarre, it may derive from the root pario- ('cauldron'). In the city's wealthiest neighbourhood, the 7th arrondissement, 7 percent lived below the poverty line; 8 percent in the 6th arrondissement; and 9 percent in the 16th arrondissement. [118], Each of Paris' 20 arrondissements has its own town hall and a directly elected council (conseil d'arrondissement), which, in turn, elects an arrondissement mayor. [247] Django Reinhardt rose to fame in Paris, having moved to the 18th arrondissement in a caravan as a young boy, and performed with violinist Stéphane Grappelli and their Quintette du Hot Club de France in the 1930s and 1940s. World rallies to save Paris climate agreement, five years on. Surprisingly warm or cool weather occurs frequently in both seasons. Twenty-five percent of residents in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line; 24 percent in the 18th, 22 percent in the 20th and 18 percent in the 10th. This was an increase of 588 persons since 2018. AFP, as it is colloquially abbreviated, maintains its headquarters in Paris, as it has since 1835. The music hall and cabaret are famous Paris institutions. Fortification of the Île de la Cité failed to avert sacking by Vikings in 845, but Paris' strategic importance—with its bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence in the Siege of Paris (885–86), for which the then Count of Paris (comte de Paris), Odo of France, was elected king of West Francia. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined (executed) in the Reign of Terror, along with more than 16,000 others throughout France. On 15 December 2015, a list of candidates of the Union of the Right, a coalition of centrist and right-wing parties, led by Valérie Pécresse, narrowly won the regional election, defeating a coalition of Socialists and ecologists. In 2018, of the 27 Michelin three-star restaurants in France, ten are located in Paris. [83] In 2011, the City of Paris and the national government approved the plans for the Grand Paris Express, totalling 205 kilometres (127 miles) of automated metro lines to connect Paris, the innermost three departments around Paris, airports and high-speed rail (TGV) stations, at an estimated cost of €35 billion. Picasso, living in Le Bateau-Lavoir in Montmartre, painted his famous La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon between 1905 and 1907. Visit top-rated & must-see attractions. [222] Italian artists were a profound influence on the development of art in Paris in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in sculpture and reliefs. [105] Light night frosts are however quite common, but the temperature seldom dip below −5 °C (23 °F). The Carnaval de Paris, one of the oldest festivals in Paris, dates back to the Middle Ages. The most prestigious names of French and foreign sculptors, who made their reputation in Paris in the modern era, are Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (Statue of Liberty – Liberty Enlightening the World), Auguste Rodin, Camille Claudel, Antoine Bourdelle, Paul Landowski (statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro) and Aristide Maillol. [159], A further 103,648 in the City of Paris and in 412,114 in the Paris Region were born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth. Bastille Day, a celebration of the storming of the Bastille in 1789, the biggest festival in the city, is a military parade taking place every year on 14 July on the Champs-Élysées, from the Arc de Triomphe to Place de la Concorde. Facts for kids. [193], The Paris Region economy has gradually shifted from industry to high-value-added service industries (finance, IT services) and high-tech manufacturing (electronics, optics, aerospace, etc.). [296] Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. [158], The official estimated population of the City of Paris was 2,206,488 as of 1 January 2019, according to the INSEE, the official French statistical agency. [330] France 24 is a television news channel owned and operated by the French government, and is based in Paris. [243] By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music. [263], Today, due to Paris' cosmopolitan population, every French regional cuisine and almost every national cuisine in the world can be found there; the city has more than 9,000 restaurants. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. The district also includes a large concentration of department stores, shopping areas, hotels and restaurants, as well a government offices and ministries. Noted as the world's largest startup facility. To the north of the city, they are grouped mainly in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and to a lesser extreme to the east in the Val-d'Oise department. [86], On 7 January 2015, two French Muslim extremists attacked the Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and killed thirteen people, in an attack claimed by Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula,[87] and on 9 January, a third terrorist, who claimed he was part of ISIL, killed four hostages during an attack at a Jewish grocery store at Porte de Vincennes. For the executive, the two chief officers each have their own official residences, which also serve as their offices. [333] Radio France, France's public radio broadcaster, and its various channels, is headquartered in Paris' 16th arrondissement. Snow falls every year, but rarely stays on the ground. The inventor Nicéphore Niépce produced the first permanent photograph on a polished pewter plate in Paris in 1825. [208] Unemployment was estimated at 8.2 percent in the City of Paris and 8.8 percent in the Île-de-France region in the first trimester of 2015. According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the City of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 5,059 from Turkey, 91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey), 38,858 from the Americas, and 1,365 from the South Pacific. [14] It was ranked as the second most visited travel destination in the world in 2019, after Bangkok and just ahead of London. [161] Despite the drop, Paris remains the most densely-populated city in Europe, with 252 residents per hectare, not counting parks. Following the motto "Only Paris is worthy of Rome; only Rome is worthy of Paris";[135] the only sister city of Paris is Rome, although Paris has partnership agreements with many other cities around the world. In 2010, it was the workplace of 500,000 salaried employees, about 30 percent of the salaried employees in Paris and 10 percent of those in the Île-de-France. The Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) operates public libraries in Paris, among them the François Mitterrand Library, Richelieu Library, Louvois, Opéra Library, and Arsenal Library. The anti-independence Organisation armée secrète (OAS), for their part, carried out a series of bombings in Paris throughout 1961 and 1962. [164] The principal reasons were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. [254] The presence of a large African and Caribbean community helped to its development, it gave a voice, a political and social status for many minorities. France is bordered by 7 countries: by Belgium and Luxembourg in the northeast; by Germany, Switzerland and Italy in the east; and by Spain and Andorra in the south. [165] It declined again in 2018. [4] According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second most expensive city in the world, after Singapore, and ahead of Zürich, Hong Kong, Oslo and Geneva. [116] Party lists winning an absolute majority in the first round – or at least a plurality in the second round – automatically win half the seats of an arrondissement. As of 2012[update], around 50% of electricity generated in the Île-de-France comes from cogeneration energy plants located near the outer limits of the region; other energy sources include the Nogent Nuclear Power Plant (35%), trash incineration (9% – with cogeneration plants, these provide the city in heat as well), methane gas (5%), hydraulics (1%), solar power (0.1%) and a negligible amount of wind power (0.034 GWh). [59] Paris became the laboratory of Naturalism (Émile Zola) and Symbolism (Charles Baudelaire and Paul Verlaine), and of Impressionism in art (Courbet, Manet, Monet, Renoir). In spite of Henry IV's efforts to improve city circulation, the narrowness of Paris' streets was a contributing factor in his assassination near Les Halles marketplace in 1610. No, Not At All – Here's Why", "Hanoi strengthens ties with Ile-de-France", "Les contours d'une population susceptible d'être musulmane d'après la filiation", Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge, Institutional seats of the European Union, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paris&oldid=994546620, Populated places established in the 3rd century BC, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2019, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 2: Weather Atlas (percent sunshine and UV Index), This page was last edited on 16 December 2020, at 07:46. [323] Open from 1804, these were the cemeteries of Père Lachaise, Montmartre, Montparnasse, and later Passy; these cemeteries became inner-city once again when Paris annexed all neighbouring communes to the inside of its much larger ring of suburban fortifications in 1860. [167] City-influenced commuter activity reaches well beyond even this in a statistical aire urbaine de Paris ("urban area", but a statistical method comparable to a metropolitan area[168]), that had a 2017 population of 12,628,266,[169] a number 19% the population of France,[170] and the largest metropolitan area in the Eurozone. [129], The two houses of the French Parliament are located on the Left Bank. The most expensive residential streets in Paris in 2018 by average price per square meter were Avenue Montaigne (8th arrondissement), at 22,372 Euros per square meter; Place Dauphine (1st arrondissement; 20,373 euros) and Rue de Furstemberg (6th arrondissement) at 18,839 Euros per square meter. [203], The average net household income (after social, pension and health insurance contributions) in Paris was €36,085 for 2011. [99] The metropolitan area of the city is 2,300 km2 (890 sq mi). [102] Each year, however, there are a few days when the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has had its headquarters in Paris since November 1958. The remaining areas are mostly middle-class citizenry dotted with islands of fortuned populations located there due to reasons of historical importance, namely Saint-Maur-des-Fossés to the east and Enghien-les-Bains to the north of Paris. Cultural outings in Paris over the Christmas period The festive season is the opportunity to discover numerous top shows, exhibitions, circuses, celebrations … [84] The system is scheduled to be completed by 2030. A greater administrative Seine department had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to maintain as a unique entity. [56] In 1860, Napoleon III also annexed the surrounding towns and created eight new arrondissements, expanding Paris to its current limits. Vans of CRS agents are frequently seen in the centre of the city when there are demonstrations and public events. [133] The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal.[134]. They are also pejoratively called Parigots ([paʁiɡo] (listen)). [142] The 210 metres (690 ft) Tour Montparnasse was both Paris's and France's tallest building until 1973,[143] but this record has been held by the La Défense quarter Tour First tower in Courbevoie since its 2011 construction. ", "Climatological Information for Paris, France", "Normes et records 1961–1990: Paris-Montsouris (75) – altitude 75m", "Greens surge in French local elections as Anne Hidalgo holds Paris", "Election Preview: France Municipal Elections 2014 – Part I", "List of members of the Council of Paris", "Code général des collectivités territoriales – Article L5219-1", "Décret n° 2015-1212 du 30 septembre 2015 constatant le périmètre fixant le siège et désignant le comptable public de la métropole du Grand Paris", "La métropole du Grand Paris verra le jour le 1er janvier 2016", "Du Grand Paris à la Métropole du Grand Paris", "Régionales 2015 : les chiffres clés du scrutin", "Plan Local d'Urbanisme – Règlement à la parcelle", "Inside Frank Gehry's Spectacular Louis Vuitton Foundation", "Chiffres Cléfs Logements (2011) – Département de Paris (75)", "Un territoire ancien et de petite taille", "Une brève histoire de l'aménagement de Paris et sa région Du District à la Région Île-de-France", "Les Politiques Nationales du Logement et le Logement dans les Villes Nouvelles", "Atlas des Zones urbaines sensibles (Zus)", "Une forte hétérogénéité des revenus en Île-de-France", "Individus localisés à la région en 2015 - Recensement de la population - Fichiers détail", "IMG1B - Population immigrée par sexe, âge et pays de naissance en 2015 - Région d'Île-de-France (11)", Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques, "Population en historique depuis 1968: Commune de Paris (75056)", "Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Unité urbaine de Paris (00851)", "Urban Europe — Statistics on cities, towns and suburbs", "Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Aire urbaine de Paris (001)", "Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: France entière", "Population statistics at regional level", "Les immigrés par sexe, âge et pays de naissance – Département de Paris (75)", "Les immigrés par sexe, âge et pays de naissance – Région d'Île-de-France (11)", "Population par sexe, âge et nationalité – Région d'Île-de-France (11)", "Population par sexe, âge et nationalité – Département de Paris (75)", "How does France count its muslim population? Longer periods of more intense heat sometimes occur, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, reached 40 °C (104 °F) on some days and rarely cooled down at night. Real bistros are increasingly rare in Paris, due to rising costs, competition from cheaper ethnic restaurants, and different eating habits of Parisian diners.